Remove everything from the inside of the turkey cavities and pat dry.
1 (12-pound) whole turkey
Loosen the skin of the turkey and rub the butter inside, leaving pieces around. Rub the outside with any remaining butter.
½ cup unsalted butter
Combine the salt, paprika, chili powder, brown sugar, sage, thyme, black pepper and garlic powder together, save 3 tablespoons to add to the orange juice. Rub the herbs over the entire turkey, making sure all the surface is coated.
3 tablespoons kosher salt, 3 tablespoons smoked paprika, 2 tablespoons chili powder, 3 tablespoons dark brown sugar, 2 teaspoons rubbed sage, 2 teaspoons dried thyme, 2 teaspoons ground black pepper, 2 teaspoons garlic powder
Let the turkey sit in the refrigerator for at least 2 hours or up to 2 days.
Towards the end of the brining time, preheat oven to 350°F.
Place the onion in the bottom of a roaster pan, then place the turkey on top. Add the bay leaves to the pan and spoon the orange juice around, careful not to wash the rub off.
1 onion, 3 bay leaves, ½ cup freshly squeezed orange juice
Tie the legs together and twist the wings under the turkey.
Place the turkey in the oven and bake for 2-2½ hours. Spoon the drippings over the entire turkey every 30 minutes. Use a meat thermometer to check for doneness. Once the thermometer registers 165°F, the turkey is cooked.
Remove and let the turkey rest for 15 minutes before serving.